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Rocks Making up the majority of the Earth's crust, rock is usually defined as a mixture of common minerals. Rocks can be hard or soft, as small as a grain or as large as a building. They have been an integral part of the history of mankind, first being used as tools for hunting and defense, and as a building materials to construct shelters and monuments. Combined with the effects of tectonics, weathering and vegetation, rocks define the natural landscapes we see around us. The minerals and metals we find in rocks are essential to the prosperity and cultural splendor of human civilization. There are many kinds of rock, and they can be classified in a number of ways. However, geologists classify rocks based on how the rocks were formed. The three classes are igneous rocks (formed directly from liquid rock), metamorphic rocks (formed by direct alteration of existing rocks), and sedimentary

Metals and Non-Metals (important questions)

Metals and Non-Metals (important questions) Q1. Give examples of five elements that are metallic. Ans. Copper, iron, gold, silver and aluminium. Q2. Give examples of five elements that are non-metallic. Ans. Sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine and bromine. Q3. How do metals and non-metals combine? Ans. Metals and non-metals combine by transference of electrons from metals to non-metals. Q4. What is an ionic bond ? Ans: The electrostatic attraction between the cation and anion is called the ionic bond. Q5. Hydrogen is not a metal, yet it is placed in the activity series of metals. why ? Ans. Like metals, hydrogen can lose an electron to form positive ion (H+). Q6. Why is H2 gas not evolved when a metal is treated with nitric acid. Ans. Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the H2 produced to water and itself gets reduced to some oxide of nitrogen, i.e. nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO). Q7. Name two metals other than silver an

Nutrition

Nutrition Nutrition is defined as the process of intaking of nutrients and its utilisation by an organism in various biological activity. Modes of Nutrition 1. Autotrophic 2. Heterotrophic Autotropic nutrition: Auto = self, Trophic = nutrition. The literal meaning of this term is self nutrition. Autotrophic Nutrition is a process where the organism prepare their own food from the simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts in the presence of sunlight. All the green plants possess autotrophic mode of nutrition. The autotrophic organisms contains green pigment known as chlorophyll. It is capable of trapping sunlight and this trapped energy is utilized by the autotrophs to prepare their food, combining carbon dioxide and water by the process of photosynthesis. This results in forming of glucose. Heterotrophic nutrition: Heterotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms depend upon another organisms to survive. All animals a

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